TruFund Presents: Access to Opportunities & Resources

b

‍BID
Business Improvement District

‍Bldg
Building

‍Bridge Loan
Loan funds available to fund project costs on an interim basis, until other debt and/or equity sources are available for the project. This is sometimes considered part of the construction loan, but most specifically refers to a period after completion of construction until permanent or take out financing is available.

‍Business Technical Assistance
Services provided to individuals to help them start, stabilize and grow a business. Typically advising centers around business planning, financial planning, marketing, access to capital, legal and human resource issues.

b

C/P
City Parish

‍CDBG
Community Development Block Grant, Federal

‍CDC
Community Development Corporation

CEA
Cooperative Endeavor Agreement, or an inter-governmental agreement between two agencies
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‍Comm.
Community

‍Community development
A process wherein community members come together to take action and generate solutions (economic, place-based, social, environmental, and cultural) to common problems.

‍Construction Loan
A short-term loan usually made to finance the actual construction or renovation of improvements on land. The funds are disbursed as needed or in accordance with a prearranged plan and the money is repaid on completion of a project usually from the proceeds of a permanent loan.

d

DA
Development Agreement

‍DCR
Debt Coverage Ratio

‍DDA
Disposition and Development Agreement

‍Debt Coverage Ratio (DCR)
The ratio equal to net operating income divided by regularly scheduled (amortized) loan payments.

‍Deed Restrictions
Legal document recorded against the completed property or project. (See also 'long-term affordability period').

‍DEQ
Department of Environmental Equality

‍Designated Affordable Units
Units that must be affordable to, and occupied by, households earning at or below an agreed upon income level, as determined by HUD and the Project Sponsor. The number, type and targeted household incomes of the Designated Affordable Units are recorded in the funder's loan documents as conditions of the loan or other financing agreements.

‍Designated Distressed Areas
A residential area of the city that the Planning Commission designates for special assistance programs (e.g. limited property tax exemption) by virtue of the deterioration or the housing stock.

‍Dev
Development

‍Developer
Is the central member of the development team who is responsible for coordinating all aspects of the transaction. The developer may assume other roles such as general contractor, property manager, and general partner of the partnership that owns the property. Both for-profit and not-for-profit organizations are developers of affordable housing; sometimes they form joint ventures.

‍Developer Fees
Developer fees include developer overhead, profit, and fees for services normally performed by the developer such as development consultant fees, and project management.

‍Development Budget
A development budget includes preliminary construction line item costs, site acquisition costs, off-site costs (if applicable), soft costs, and other detailed cost information pertinent to the project.

‍Development Consultant or Owner's Rep
An individual or group of individuals hired by developer(s) who generally is responsible for budget preparation, application preparation, compliance with funding requirements, and other technical details of the project. Development consultant fees are considered a part of developer fees.

‍Development Team
Group of individuals or firms who carry out a development project, usually including the developer, the architect and engineer, the contractor, legal counsel, accountant and the development (technical) consultant.

‍Disparities
Differences between population groups in the presence of any form of outcomes, including access to services. Disparities include both acceptable and unacceptable differences.

‍Dwelling Unit
A building, or a portion of a building, that has independent living facilities including provisions for sleeping, cooking and sanitation, and that is designed for residential occupancy.

e

EAH
Employee Assisted Housing

‍Economic development
Work to improve the standard of living and economic competitiveness; activities include business retention, expansion and recruitment, international trade, and entrepreneurship development.

‍Economic opportunities
The ability for people to create wealth through activities such as: accessing employment, building businesses, and purchasing property.

‍ED
Economic Development
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‍Eligible Non-Profit Organization
Organizations must be one of the following:A 501(c)(3), 501(c)(4), or 501(c)(6) corporation,A certified Housing Authority, orA Limited Partnership or Limited Liability Corporation which includes one or more organizations which qualify under definition 1 above, and meet both of the following:the 501 (c)(3) or (c)(4) organization or a certified Housing Authority has regular, continuous and substantial activity in the development and operation of the portion of the project seeking financing available only to non-profit organizations, andthe public investment can be demonstrated to further one or more of the objectives of the tax exempt non-profit entity.

‍Emp
Employee

‍EPA
Environmental Protection Agency

‍Equity
The "after value," or if not documented, the "as is" value of the property less all indebtedness secured by the property.

‍Excess Cash Flow
The amount, if any, by which Net Cash Flow exceeds 115% of Permitted Loan Payments.

‍Extremely Low Income Households
Means household income at or below 30% MFI.

f

‍Family
For the purposes of this RFP, a family will be considered as one or more persons, whether or not related, living together in a dwelling unit.

‍Family Housing
Housing unit(s) two bedrooms or larger.

‍FAR
Floor Area Ratio

‍Fin
Finance/Financial

‍First-Time Homebuyer
An individual who has not held ownership interest in real property in the three years prior to purchasing a home.

‍Floor Area Ratio (FAR)
A measure of development intensity. FAR is the ratio of the amount of floor area of a building to the amount of area of its site.

Affordable For-Sale Properties
HUD and some other funders restrict the maximum allowable sales price and requires that the units be sold to households that meet the targeted income criteria.

Affordable Rental Properties
HUD and some other funders restrict the maximum allowable rents that may be charged and tenants to whom units may be rented for an agreed upon length of time.

‍Funded Affordable Unit
A unit, which serves households and has its rents set at a level which make it available to tenants with less than 80% of MFI, and require gap funding to make the unit economically feasible.

g

Gentrification
The process by which an undervalued neighborhood becomes desirable, which results in the displacement of lower income households due to the loss of affordable housing, often with a corresponding change in racial and ethnic makeup of a neighborhood’s residents and businesses.

‍GIS (Graphic Information Systems)
GIS technology is used to develop maps that depict resources or features such as soil types, population densities, land uses, transportation corridors, waterways, etc. GIS computer programs link features commonly seen on maps (such as roads, town boundaries, water bodies) with related information not usually presented on maps, such as type of road surface, population, type of agriculture, type of vegetation, or water quality information. A GIS is a unique information system in which individual observations can be spatially referenced to each other.

‍Green Building or Green Design
Building design that yields environmental benefits, such as savings in energy, building materials, and water consumption, or reduced waste generation.

‍Greenway
A linear open space; a corridor composed of natural vegetation. Greenways can be used to create connected networks of open space that include traditional parks and natural areas.

‍Gross Revenues
All cash and cash equivalents (i.e., any item immediately convertible to cash without substantial discount or reduction) received by the Project Sponsor that is specified as gross revenue on the Pro Forma for the development, but not including proceeds from refinancing, loans, capital contributions, tenant security deposits that the Project Sponsor is obligated to return, and any rentals paid more than one month in advance during a Fiscal Year.

h

HAMFI
Household Adjusted Median Family Income

‍HAP
Homeownership Assistance Program, traditionally downpayment assistance or soft second mortgages

‍Hard Costs
Include but not limited to all costs incurred in bringing a building to completion not including land acquisition, finance or sales costs.

‍HDF
Housing Development Finance
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‍Historic Area
An area or building in which historic events occurred, or one which has special value due to architectural or cultural features relating to the heritage of the community. Elements in historic areas have significance that necessitates preservation or conservation.

‍HOA
Homeowners Association

‍HOME
Funding source HUD for housing a federal Housing Program

‍Household Adjusted Median Family Income (HAMFI)
See Median Family Income

‍Household Income
The gross household income computed in conformity with HUD income limits.
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‍HUD
Housing and Urban Development, US Department of

i

‍Income
Means gross household income computed in conformity with HUD income limits.
‍
Income Level Category
HUD utilizes the following categories of Median Family Income, as adjusted for household size, (HAMFI) to allocate resources for the development of housing that serves targeted populations in EBR:
- Extremely Low Income: Households with incomes from 0 to 30% HAMFI.
- Very Low Income: Households with incomes from 31 to 50% HAMFI.
- Low Income Households: Households with incomes from 51 to 60% HAMFI. (This term is also used generically to refer to all households at or below 60% HAMFI.)
- Moderate Income: Households with incomes from 61 to 80% HAMFI.
- Middle Income: Households with incomes 81% and 150% HAMFI.
- High Income: Households with incomes over 151% HAMFI.

‍Indirect Costs
Architectural, engineering, technical consultant, legal fees, application and loan fees, market study costs, etc. as distinguished from land and hard costs.Infrast
Infrastructure

‍Infrastructure
Water and sewer lines, roads, urban transit lines, schools and other public facilities needed to support developed areas.Innovative
Please see the appendix of this document for a detailed definition of "innovative".

‍Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
The discount rate at which the present value of a project's cash flow income stream to the Project Sponsor equals the present value of the Project Sponsor's investment.

l

LEAD
Lead Abatement

‍Lease-up Reserves
An amount, either paid-in capital or funded through a loan, which anticipates an initial occupancy vacancy or short term lease-up shortfall. This amount is legitimate in projects undergoing substantial rehabilitation or new construction, and only when construction rather than operations create vacancy.

‍LEED
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

‍LEM
Location Efficient Mortgage

‍LID
Local Improvement District

‍LIHTC
Low-Income Housing Tax Credits, Federal

‍Loan to Value (LTV)
The total amount of all loans secured by subject property divided by the "after value" of the property expressed as a percentage. Grants requiring repayment only in the event of grant non-compliance, even if filed as a lien against the property, will not be considered loans for LTV calculation.

‍Long-Term Affordability Period
A period agreed to by funders and sponsors to ensure income and rent limits agreed to as condition of public funding through a recorded deed restriction on the project on a specified number of units in a project (See definition of funded affordable unit).

‍LTA
Limited Tax Abatement

‍LTV
Loan to Value

m

Market Rate Housing
Housing for which rents are not suppressed or restricted to below rents of the surrounding community generally considered to be 80 percent MFI or above although 'market' varies by neighborhood and location.

‍Median Family Income (MFI)
An income threshold set by Department of Housing and Urban Development, updated annually, generally in December. New thresholds are effective immediately.

‍MFH
Multi-Family Housing

‍MFI
Median Family Income

‍Mixed Income Housing
A housing development open to persons or families at varying income levels. More specifically at both affordable (below 60% MFI) and market rate income levels (above 60% MFI).

‍Mixed Use Development
Mixed use developments include residential, commercial, and business accommodations in one area.

‍Mixed Use Housing
A development that includes housing and commercial space or property containing both residential and non-residential uses.

‍Mixed-Income Project
A housing development open to persons or families at varying income levels. More specifically, the PDC uses the term Mixed-Income Housing to mean:Rental housing projects that include both Designated Affordable Units affordable to households at or below 60% MFI and units affordable to households above 60% MFI, orHomeownership projects that include both Designated Affordable Units affordable to households below 80% MFI and units affordable to households above 80% MFI.

‍Mixed-Use Project
The combination on a site of residential uses with commercial or industrial uses. (This is different from the definition of Innovative, see appendix for a complete "innovative" definition.)

‍MOU
Memorandum of Understanding

‍MPDU
Moderately Priced Dwelling Units

‍MBE/WBE
Minority-owned/Women-owned Small Business

n

Net Cash Flow
The amount, if any, by which Net Operating Income exceeds the sum of Permitted Loan Payments and Required Reserve Contributions.

Net Operating Income
Net revenues received from operation of the subject property, less total operating expenses.

‍New Construction/New Housing Development
Newly built project.
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‍NMTC
New Market Tax Credit

‍NNL
No Net Loss

‍NOFA
Notice of Funding Availability

0

Operating Budget (also Pro Forma)
Pro forma, is a schedule that include a rent schedule, anticipated operating expenses, vacancy rates, and all other information pertinent to the operation of the property. Operating income and expenses are generally projected for at least ten years.

‍Operating Deficit Reserves
Set-asides necessary to cover anticipated and unanticipated shortfalls in cash flow due to decreases in income or increases in expenses or debt service. Operating deficit reserves are different from lease-up reserves.

‍Operating Expenses
All reasonable and customary expenses incurred in operating the subject real estate, including (but not limited to) utilities, on-site and off-site management, insurance, property taxes, maintenance, replacement reserves, and administrative charges which are associated with any compliance monitoring or reporting required by funding sources. Operating Expenses do not include contributions to operating reserves, depreciation, interest or principal payments.

p

People or communities of color
Native American, African American, Latino, Asian, Slavic, and African immigrant and refugee people or communities (per Coalition of Communities of Color).

‍Permanent Loan:
A long term loan, usually with a term between 10 and 40 years, the proceeds of which are used to repay a construction loan.

‍Permitted Loan Payments
The sum of the maximum debt service (including without limitation principal, interest, mortgage insurance premiums and credit enhancement fees such as letter of credit fees and/or other payment requirements) under any loans of the Project Sponsor relating to the project during the fiscal year. Permitted Loan Payments shall not include prepayments of principal not shown on the Pro Forma. Permitted Loan Payments shall not include any payments that are paid to an affiliate of the Project Sponsor.
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‍Predevelopment funds
Funding to cover up front project costs such as architectural, engineering, legal and environmental services that are incurred before the funds to pay for project construction are available to the developer.

‍Preservation Properties
Federally subsidized property now at risk of opting out or prepayment, which would result in the loss of affordability commitments and project based Section 8 subsidies. Pro forma Income and Expense: a statement showing the projected annual income and operating expenses of a project.

‍Pro forma
Pro forma, is a schedule that includes a rent schedule, anticipated operating expenses, vacancy rates, and all other information pertinent to the operation of the property. Operating income and expenses are generally projected for at least ten years.

‍Project Sponsor
The project owner or entity entering into agreements with a funder to obtain financing. Used in lieu of the term borrower, particularly for types of financing that are not loans (e.g. Equity Gap Contributions, fee waivers or tax exemptions).

q

Qualified Non-Profit OrganizationA 501(c)(3) or 501(c)(4) corporation that demonstrates the capacity and experience to develop and/or manage rental housing. Newly formed non-profit organizations must show evidence of mission, board training and commitment, individual staff training, adequate financial strength and experience and capacity, which are commensurate to the proposed project.

r

Recourse Debt
Debt repayment is based primarily on the property, but in the event of default to the extent the property cannot pay-off debt, the borrower is personally responsible for debt repayment.

‍Rehabilitation
Repair, upgrade of units within existing structure.

‍Rent-up Reserve
See lease-up reserves

‍Replacement Reserves
An account maintained by the borrower, funding of which is treated as an operating expense and used for repair or replacement of a project's infrastructure, i.e. roof, plumbing, mechanical, etc. For new construction PDC requires replacement reserves of $200 per unit per year.

‍Reservation of Funds
An informal set-aside of direct financial assistance funds for a specific project that is valid for a limited period of time and evidenced by a Reservation Letter issued by the funder. This is not a legal obligation to lend.

‍Reserves
Money set aside to pay for future anticipated expenses.

‍Restricted Residential Unit
A housing unit in a PDC funded project that is restricted as to affordability and rent limitations for a specified period of time according to a written affordability agreement.

‍RFP
Request For Proposal

‍ROF
Reservation of Funds

s

‍Single-Family Housing
A detached housing structure that contains 1 dwelling unit.

‍Site Control
Required for this RFP in the form of title, an option to purchase, a master lease agreement exceeding 99 years or other form of site control acceptable to PDC.

Smart Growth
Smart growth is an urban planning and development approach focused on creating compact, walkable, and mixed-use communities to curb urban sprawl and promote sustainable, equitable development. It prioritizes efficient land use, encourages public transportation and diverse housing options, and emphasizes environmental protection and community engagement.
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‍Soft Costs
See Indirect Costs.

‍Sources and Uses
A schedule submitted as part of financing application that identifies the different sources of funding for the construction of the project and provides a line item identification of how these funds will be used in the construction process.

‍Special Needs Housing
Housing unit(s) that are available to a specific population, such as elderly, disabled, homeless, or person in recovery.

‍Sponsor
See Developer.

‍Sustainable Development
Development with the goal of preserving environmental quality, natural resources and livability for present and future generations. Sustainable initiatives work to ensure efficient use of resources.

t

Tax Increment Financing (TIF)
A program designed to leverage private investment for economic development projects in a manner that enhances the benefits accrued to the public interest.

‍Term of Affordability
A specific period of time during which project rents are restricted for a specified number of units and during which the borrower agrees to provide annual operating data to verify compliance.

‍Threshold Criteria
Minimum requirement proposals must meet to be considered by selection committee for funding.

‍TIF
Tax Increment Financing

‍Total Development Cost
All project related expenses including acquisition, refinancing, rehabilitation/construction, contingency, soft costs, closing, financing and developer's fees.

‍Transit Oriented Housing
Transit-oriented development (TOD) generally refers to mixed-use, high-density housing and commercial development designed around public transportation hubs like train or bus stations. The goal of TOD is to increase transit ridership, reduce reliance on private vehicles, and foster vibrant, walkable communities.

u

Unit (of housing)
A housing unit consists of one or more habitable rooms intended to be occupied by one family for living, sleeping, cooking, and eating; except in congregate housing, where certain facilities may be shared.

‍URA
Urban Renewal Area

‍Urban Renewal Area (URA)
A defined geography from which tax increment financing is both generated and spent.

v

Variance
The relaxation of requirements of a zoning district for a specific parcel or tract of land. Variances are often issued to avoid unnecessary hardships to a landowner.

‍Very Low Income
Means household income at or below 50 percent of MFI.

w

Wealth creation
Increasing individual net worth which is defined as the value of all assets owned net of all liabilities owed at a point in time.

‍Workforce development
A range of educational, training, and networking activities to create, sustain, and retain a viable workforce that supports economic security for individuals and meets current and future business and industry needs.

‍Workforce housing
Workforce housing can be rental and ownership market housing units that are affordable to households with incomes from Moderately Priced Dwelling Units (MPDU) income limit up to Area Median Income (AMI).

z

Zoning
‍Local regulations (i.e. City of Portland Bureau of Planning for this RFP) establishing the use of property and the size, height, and location of structures placed on it.